Oct 15, 2015 we investigated the influence of protein intake on selected tryptophan and phenolic compounds, derived from both endogenous and colonic microbial metabolism. Metabolism of different dietary phenolic compounds by the urolithinproducing humangut bacteria gordonibacter urolithinfaciens and ellagibacter isourolithinifaciens. Bacteria from soil and related environments were selected or adapted to metabolize phenol. Influence of the microbiome on the metabolism of diet and dietary components. Metabolic fate of polyphenols in the human superorganism pnas. Intestinal esterases of the intestinal tissues and of the microbiota play a significant role in the uptake of esterified acid. The study of flavonoids metabolism in human body is crucial to determine which ones are better absorbed and which ones lead to formation of bioactive metabolites. Colonic degradation of quercetin glycosides, as an. Nutrients free fulltext microbial phenolic metabolites.
For this purpose, 29 healthy subjects were allocated to a high n 14 or low protein diet n 15 for 2 weeks. Absorption, metabolism and bioavailability of polyphenols. The human gut microbiota contains a broad variety of bacteria that possess functional genes, with resultant metabolites that affect human physiology and therefore health. The gut bacteria strains responsible for these metabolites are shown in. A polyphenolrich potato extract prpe containing chlorogenic, caffeic, and ferulic acids and rutin was digested in a dynamic multireactor gastrointestinal simulator of the human intestinal. Initially the effect of 5 individual phenolic compounds on ruminant gut metabolism was examined. In vitro digestion models for dietary phenolic compounds. Furthermore, potential interspecies metabolic differences were studied.
Though the metabolism of polyphenol is considered to aid in the protection of other food compounds and maintain the digestive health via the stimulation and modulation of microbial balance, it can as well impact the organoleptic properties of the food matrices either positively or negatively depending on the phenolic dosage. Many studies have shown a strong and positive correlation p. Taft sanitary engineering center, cincinnati, ohio, cecil w. A diverse range of human gut bacteria have the potential to. Jan 01, 2018 dietary phenolic compounds are also often transformed by gut microbiota in a twoway phenolic microbiota interaction. A mutualistic relationship between host and gut microbiota.
Antiinflammatory implications of the microbial transformation of dietary phenolic compounds. Interaction of dietary polyphenols and gut microbiota. Metabolic and microbial modulation of the large intestine. The main emphasis was on the microbial metabolism of plant phenolic compounds. Main metabolites derived from flavonoids and identified bacteria. The colon is the main site of microbial fermentation. Phenolic compounds represent a diverse group of phytochemicals whose intake is associated with a wide spectrum of health benefits. Faecal microbial metabolism of olive oil phenolic compounds.
Moreover, phenolic compounds can act as prebiotics, modifying the growth of bacterial colonies, an effect mainly studied in vitro. Polyphenolsgut microbiota interplay and brain neuromodulation. Dpe using faecal, phcontrolled, mixed batch cultures mimicking the distal part of the human large intestine, and utilising. The modulation of the obese gut microbiota by phenolic compounds was investigated by several research groups in order to interpret the reciprocal interaction between phenolic compounds and gut microbiota x. Bioactive compounds from regular diet and faecal microbial. A lthough research on the microbiome is considered an emerging science, scientists already have made tremendous progress in understanding the microbial makeup of the microbiome and in associating microbiome diversity with human disease. Although we acknowledge about this relationship from data literature, studies are lacking, making difficult understanding the exact mechanism of. Pdf bioavailability of dietary polyphenols and gut. Pdf microbial metabolism of dietary phenolic compounds in. The remainder reaches the colon and is extensively metabolized by gut microbiota to lowmolecular weight metabolites. Pdf antiinflammatory implications of the microbial. When cereal samples are introduced to an in vitro colon a removal.
The aim of this work was to develop in vitro digestion models for mimicking the physiological conditions of upper intestine and microbial conversions in the colon. However, the potential for metabolism of these phenolic compounds by the human. The chemistry of gut microbial metabolism of polyphenols. Microbial metabolism of dietary phenolic compounds in the colon.
Phenolic compounds quantified in different individuals in the negative. Interindividual differences in human intestinal microbial conversion. Emphasizing the importance of interindividual variability and the critical role of gut microbiota, this authoritative volume features contributions from recognized experts in the field, exploring specific families of extractable and nonextractable phenolic compounds. Following the ingestion of flavonoids, sugar moieties as in quercetin3glucoside are cleaved from the phenolic backbone in the small intestine and absorbed here. Metabolism of dietary polyphenols by human gut microbiota and. Quercetin, rutin, gallic acid, tannic acid and quebracho tannin were used. The gut microbiota composition affects dietary polyphenols. Impact of protein on the composition and metabolism of the. Decomposition of phenolic compounds and aromatic hydrocarbons by phenoladapted bacteria.
Treatment with polyunsaturated fatty acids pufa changed the fluidity of the brush. The microbial metabolism of flavonoids is thought to follow a general pattern whereby a diverse range. Frontiers the twoway polyphenolsmicrobiota interactions. Insights into the metabolism and microbial biotransformation of dietary flavan3ols and the bioactivity of their metabolites. Relationship between phenolic compounds from diet and microbiota. There is increasing evidence that higher flavonoid intake may be causally linked to a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases.
Contribution of gut microbiota to metabolism of dietary. The impact of date palm fruits and their component. Microbial metabolism of dietary phenolic compounds in the. Thus, the production of the majority of plant phenolic compounds could be. These phenolic compounds have been suggested to play a role in the. Of the major phenolic acids formed during human microbial. The emergence of highthroughput sequencing hts technologies allows this is. The bioactivity of dietary polyphenols depends upon gastrointestinal and hepatic metabolism of secondary microbial phenolic metabolites generated via colonic microbiotamediated biotransformation. Dietary gallates are phenolic components that are present in many foods and beverages and are regarded as having healthpromoting attributes. The bioactivity and bioavailability of many dietary flavonoids can be influenced by gastrointestinal microbiome metabolism.
Dietary flavonoids represent a diverse range of polyphenolic compounds that are present in many. Pdf absorption and metabolism of phenolics from digests. Upon dietary exposure, the endogenous metabolism responds to the diet derived nutrients and bioactive compounds, such as phytochemicals. Metabolism of different dietary phenolic compounds by the. Dietary interventions with phenolic supplementation show that phenolic. Within the host, dietary polyphenols and their microbial metabolites successively. The metabolites circulate in plasma and are excreted via urine. Metabolism of dietary polyphenols by human gut microbiota.
Shortchain fatty acids scfas formation by intestinal bacteria is regulated by many different factors, among which dietary fibre is currently receiving most attention. The influence of dietary protein intake on mammalian. The microbial metabolism of phenolic acids phenolic acids are either formed during ring fission reactions of flavonoids or released from the food matrix. Different polyphenol compounds are ingested when consuming a serving of fruits rich in polyphenols, spanning from onephenol hydroxybenzoic acid to more complex polymeric compounds. Diet however is a major contributor to microbial structure and the main dietary macronutrients. Novel approaches for analysing gut microbes and dietary polyphenols. Although preclinical and observational studies have promoted the protective properties of polyphenols for a range of. We have investigated gut bacterial changes induced by the whole date fruit extract digested date extract. Apr 10, 2008 plant foods contain substantial amounts of phenolic compounds. However, since fibrerich foods are usually good dietary sources of phenolic compounds, which are also known to affect the microbiota, authors hypothesize that the regular intake of these bioactive compounds could be associated with a modulation of faecal scfa production by the intestinal microbiota. Pdf dihydroxylated phenolic acids derived from microbial.
Several dietary flavonoids exhibit antioxidative, antiinflammatory. Differences in gut microbial community capacity to handle substrates is detectable as metabolic phenotypes. The colonic microbial degradation of a polyphenolrich black tea extract bte and red winegrape juice extract rwge was compared in a fivestage in vitro gastrointestinal model twinshime. Microbial metabolism of bte and rwge polyphenols in the twinshime was studied subsequently in single and continuousdose experiments. Gut microbial metabolism modifies a variety of dietary components. Among the several classes of phenolic compounds, the phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins are regarded as the main dietary phenolic compounds. However, the potential for metabolism of these phenolic compounds by the human microbiota remains largely unknown. Profiling of endogenous and gut microbial metabolites to. Plant foods contain substantial amounts of phenolic compounds.
Conversely, the microbiota is able to modify phenolic compounds, leading to production of new molecules that can pass through the membrane of the enterocyte and impact human health. The human microbial metabolism of quercetin in different. Remarkably, these human gut bacterial species can also catabolize other dietary relevant phenolic compounds. Diet as consumed is not necessarily that experienced by the host. Although in the raw material, phenolic compounds occur as glycosylated derivatives, in order to exert their pharmacological effect, these polyphenols undergo various intestinal transformations, allowing the digestive enzymes and also the microbiota metabolism to eliminate the sugar component or other hydroxyl moieties and to release the aglycons that are further absorbed into the blood circulation, and. Flavonoids are a group of polyphenolic dietary compounds found in many different plantbased foods. Pdf absorption and metabolism of phenolics from digests of.
Mar 11, 2016 gut microbiota contribute to the metabolism of dietary polyphenols and affect the bioavailability of both the parent polyphenols and their metabolites. Faecal microbial metabolism gut phenolic metabolites hydroxytyrosol metabolic pathways olive oil phenolic compounds additional supporting information may be found in the online version of this article at the publishers website 1 introduction virgin olive oil is the most popular fat source in mediter. A diverse range of human gut bacteria have the potential. Gut microbial metabolism of polyphenols from black tea and. Dietary flavonoids, for example, are mostly present as poorly absorbed glycosides. Phenolic compounds are recognized antioxidants and antiinflammatory agents which can protect intestinal cells from prooxidant and inflammatory injuries 68. Pdf microbial metabolism of dietary phenolic compounds in the. The current work addresses the possible impact of dietary and microbial fatty acids on the absorption of phenolics at the intestinal epithelium. However, the responses vary remarkably due to the interplay with other dietary components, lifestyle exposures, and intrinsic factors, which lead to differences in endogenous regulatory metabolism. Gut bacteria metabolism produce neurotransmitters and bioactive. Jul 10, 2019 heat map representation of the identified 48 bacterial taxa and their relation to the identified betaine compounds and the diets.
Presents recent research on metabolism and the health effects of polyphenols consumer interest in the health benefits of many phenolic compounds found in plant foods and derivatives has grown considerably in recent years, giving rise to an increased demand for functional foods. Polyphenols are a large and heterogeneous group of phytochemicals containing one or more aromatic rings with. Emphasizing the importance of interindividual variability and the critical role of gut microbiota, this authoritative volume features contributions from recognized experts in the field, exploring specific families of extractable and nonextractable phenolic compounds that exhibit potential health effects. In particular the health implications of microbial metabolites of flavonoids, mostly phenolic acids, are unknown. The relationship between phenolic compounds from diet and. There are substantial variations in the absorption of the different classes of polyphenols. The main fermentation products of gut microbial metabolism are the scfa acetate, propionate and butyrate plus gases. Moreover, they are beginning to make headway in understanding how. Some food sources containing di erent classes of avonoids aregivenin table. Phenolic compounds alter gut microbiota and, consequently, alter the. Metabolism of different dietary phenolic compounds by the urolithinproducing humangut bacteria gordonibacter urolithinfaciens and ellagibacter isourolithinifaciens rocio garciavillalba, a david beltran, a maria d. Review article chemistry and biological activities of. Main metabolites derived from flavonoids and identified bacteria involved in their transformation. Although there is a large number of reports of specific polyphenol metabolites, relatively little is known regarding the chemistry and enzymology of the metabolic pathways utilized by specific microbial species and taxa, which is the focus of.
Colonic degradation of quercetin glycosides, as an example of flavonol glycosides. Aug 17, 2018 the diverse and dynamic microbial community of the human gastrointestinal tract plays a vital role in health and nutrition of the host 1. Metabolic profiling of sourdough fermented wheat and rye. As consequence of their low bioavailability, most of them reach the large intestine where, mediated by the action of local microbiota, a series of related microbial metabolites are accumulated. The following phenolic compounds were precursors might have been absorbed earlier and directed to detected and quantified in blood plasma. Links between diet, gut microbiota composition and gut. However, since fibrerich foods are usually good dietary sources of phenolic compounds, which are also known to affect the microbiota, authors hypothesize that the regular intake of these bioactive compounds could be. The gut microbiome needs to be considered in context of host diet to understand its impact on metabolism and.
A combination of liquid or gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. As consequence of their low bioavailability, most of them reach the large intestine where, mediated by the action of local microbiota, a series of related microbial meta. Fate of microbial metabolites of dietary polyphenols in rats. Microbial tryptophan catabolites in health and disease. The 3week consumption of a phenolic compounds enriched virgin olive oil, containing a mixture of olive oil and thyme phenolic compounds, decreases systemic oxidized ldl and increases bifidobacterium population and microbial metabolites of phenolic compound in faeces from hypercholesterolemic humans. Only a minor quantity of the polyphenols 510% is absorbed. Microbial metabolism of polyphenols and health sciencedirect.
Dde and its polyphenolrich extract date polyphenol extract. Conversely, the microbiota is able to modify phenolic compounds, leading to production of new molecules that can pass through. Dietary interventions with phenolic supplementation show that phenolic compounds are transformed into phenolic acids or lactone structures by intestinal microbiota. Also, the types of foods consumed, cooking processes used and the balance of macronutrients and micronutrients are likely to be important drivers of health. Bioavailability of dietary polyphenols and gut microbiota. When cereal samples are introduced to an in vitro colon model a removal.
Phenolic acids are structured during ringfission reactions of flavonoids and may be released from the food matrix. Microbial metabolism is a major contributor to the overall metabolism of dietary flavonoids. Fate of microbial metabolites of dietary polyphenols in. Role of dietary flavonoid compounds in driving patterns of. Pdf microbial metabolism of dietary phenolic compounds. Research open access disintegration of wheat aleurone. Dietary polyphenols, mediterranean diet, prediabetes, and. It is concluded that rumen microbial metabolism of dietary phenolic cinnamic acids to 3phenylpropionic acid followed by its absorption and oxidation in the body tissues is responsible for the. A combination of liquid or gas chromatography with mass. Hydroxycinnamic acids are structures bound to plant cell walls that require the release by enzymes such as esterases of the colonic microflora.
Links between diet, gut microbiota composition and gut metabolism. Russell wr1, scobbie l, chesson a, richardson aj, stewart cs, duncan sh, drew je, duthie gg. The impact of polyphenol on general nutrient metabolism in. Impact of dietary and microbial fatty acids on the. Metabolites such as ferulic, by human subjects resulted in an increased urinary excretion pcoumaric, mcoumaric and 3hppa are absorbed by the phenolic acids from microbial metabolism 205 monocarboxylic acid transporter, whereas caffeic acid and 3,4 the superior effect of dihydroxylated phenolic acids in dhppa permeate across caco2 cells via. Comparative analysis of five previously sequenced human gut bacteroidetes demonstrated that each genome contains a large repertoire of genes involved in acquisition and metabolism of polysaccharides. Flavonoids are an integral part of human and animal diet. Intestinal esterases of both the intestinal tissues and microbiota play an important role in the uptake of esterified acid. In vitro digestion models for dietary phenolic compounds core.
25 816 815 1523 370 793 1080 571 488 266 992 773 1325 1107 6 1263 1701 956 250 666 109 1373 457 1381 414 391 53 1173 1345